The Verb CBSE Notes

The Verbs - @pratapsanjaysir

Verb

➥ A verb is a word that shows an action or state of being.

➥ Every sentence needs a verb to be complete.

Types of Verbs

1. Main (Principal) Verbs

➥Main verbs are two types: - (i) transitive & (ii) intransitive.

1. Transitive Verbs: These verbs require an object to complete their meaning.
   • Examples: She kicked the ball.
     He bought a book.

   Explanation:- In the above examples, the verbs kicked and bought need objects (ball, book) to complete their meaning.

2. Intransitive Verbs: These verbs do not need an object to complete their meaning.
   • Examples: The baby cried.
     He sleeps peacefully.

   Explanation:- These verbs do not need objects to make sense.

2. Auxiliary (Helping) Verbs

➥ Helping verbs assist the main verb to form tenses, moods, or voices.
➥ There are two types:

(i) Primary Auxiliary Verbs

➥ These are the most common helping verbs and are used with the main verbs to show tense or form questions and negatives.

Examples:

• Be: is, am, are, was, were
• Have: has, have, had
• Do: do, does, did

Sentence Examples:

• She is reading a book.
• They have finished their homework.
• He does not like chocolate.

(ii) Modal Auxiliary Verbs

➥ Modal auxiliaries express necessity, possibility, permission, or ability.

Examples: can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should, must

Sentence Examples:

• She can swim.
• You must study for the exam.
• He might come tomorrow.

Forms of Verbs

Verb Form	Definition	Examples
Base Form	The original form of the verb, used in the present tense.	go, write, eat
Past Tense	The form used to talk about something that happened in the past.	went, wrote, ate
Past Participle	Used with helping verbs like has or had to show completed actions.	gone, written, eaten
Present Participle	Used to show ongoing action, usually ending with -ing.	going, writing, eating

Tenses of Verbs

➥ Verbs can be used in different tenses:

1. Present Tense: Describes actions happening now.
   • Examples: I play football.
     He runs fast.
2. Past Tense: Describes actions that happened before.
   • Examples: I played football yesterday.
     She danced beautifully.
3. Future Tense: Describes actions that will happen in the future.
   • Examples: I will play football tomorrow.
     They will go to the park.

Regular and Irregular Verbs

1. Regular Verbs: These verbs form their past tense by adding -ed to the base form.
   • Examples: play → played, jump → jumped
2. Irregular Verbs: These verbs do not follow the -ed rule for the past tense.
   • Examples: go → went, eat → ate

Finite and Non-finite Verbs

(i) Finite Verbs

➥ A finite verb is a verb that agrees with the subject in terms of tense, person, and number.

• Examples: She works every day.
  They played football yesterday.

(ii) Non-finite Verbs

➥ Non-finite verbs do not change their form according to the subject or tense. They include infinitives, gerunds, and participles.

• Examples:
  • Infinitive: to write, to sing
  • Gerund: writing, singing
  • Participle: written, sung

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